Flickers & Tintypes Motion, one still at a time. https://flickersandtintypes.com/ 2026-11-12T00:00:00Z 12 Principles of Animation: Lutz’s 1920 Rule for In-Betweenshttps://flickersandtintypes.com/animation-loops/12-principles-of-animation/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZThe 12 principles of animation, with slow in and slow out shown as a 30-frame loop, and the 1920 rule that a slower move needs at least three in-betweens.Flickers & Tintypes A Trip to the Moon: Méliès’s 1903 Catalog Lists 30 Sceneshttps://flickersandtintypes.com/early-cinema/a-trip-to-the-moon/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZPer the Star Films catalog dated 1903, A Trip to the Moon ran about 845 feet in 30 listed scenes for $130. Scene 9 reads “Landed Right in the Eye!!!”Flickers & Tintypes Bouncing Ball Animation: In This Model, Most Frames Sit Highhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/animation-loops/bouncing-ball/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZHow to space a bouncing ball animation: in this free-fall model, 9 of 12 falling frames sit above halfway and the gaps grow from 2 to 42 pixels.Flickers & Tintypes Dream of the Rarebit Fiend: 18 Panels of One Bucking Carhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/comics-panels/dream-of-the-rarebit-fiend/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA 1907 Dream of the Rarebit Fiend board, read panel by panel: signed Silas, a McCay pseudonym per a Library of Congress note, with a street that barely shifts.Flickers & Tintypes Gertie the Dinosaur: A 1914 Trade Notice Says ‘Dinosaurus’https://flickersandtintypes.com/early-cinema/gertie-the-dinosaur/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZPer Moving Picture World of November 14, 1914, Winsor McCay’s hand-drawn Gertie was to be marketed as “the Dinosaurus” and reportedly got $350 for a week.Flickers & Tintypes Hand-Colored Photographs: The Color Came After the Picturehttps://flickersandtintypes.com/photo-objects/hand-colored-photographs/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA hand-colored photograph is a one-color picture with color added by hand. An 1872 tintype manual says to color the plate once dry, ordinarily cheeks and lips.Flickers & Tintypes Little Nemo: A 1906 Board Numbered Out of Row Orderhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/comics-panels/little-nemo/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZHow to read a Little Nemo in Slumberland page: McCay’s board dated Oct. 14, 1906 numbers its 8 panels. After panel 4 they send you down to 5, not across to 6.Flickers & Tintypes Phenakistiscope: A Spinning Disk You Watched in a Mirrorhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/animation-loops/phenakistiscope/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA phenakistiscope is a slotted disk spun before a mirror and watched through its slits. Count the slits and figures on a Vienna disk from about 1840.Flickers & Tintypes Real Photo Postcard: The Back Dates the Card, Not the Photohttps://flickersandtintypes.com/photo-objects/real-photo-postcards/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZHow to date a real photo postcard from its back: what the postmark, the stamp and a divided back can date, read against the 1907 US postal rules for post cards.Flickers & Tintypes Speech Bubbles: Gillray Was Drawing Them in 1792https://flickersandtintypes.com/comics-panels/speech-bubbles/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA speech bubble holds spoken words in an outline that points to the speaker. A Gillray print of 21 December 1792 has two by this site’s count, one per panel.Flickers & Tintypes Stereograph: Twin Photos Shot a Couple of Inches Aparthttps://flickersandtintypes.com/photo-objects/stereograph/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA stereograph is two photos of one scene taken a couple of inches apart, per an 1859 essay. On one Broadway card, the nearest pillar moves 29 px between halves.Flickers & Tintypes The Great Train Robbery (1903): Edison’s Movable Close-Uphttps://flickersandtintypes.com/early-cinema/the-great-train-robbery/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZEdison’s 1903 catalog let the operator put the bandit’s close-up at the start or the end. One public-domain copy, walked scene by scene with timecodes.Flickers & Tintypes The Horse in Motion: Two Frames With No Hoof on the Trackhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/animation-loops/the-horse-in-motion/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZMuybridge’s 1878 Sallie Gardner card, frame by frame: in frames 2 and 3 no hoof touches the track, and the legs are gathered under the body, not stretched out.Flickers & Tintypes Tinting and Toning: A Tone Alone Leaves the Highlights Clearhttps://flickersandtintypes.com/early-cinema/tinting-and-toning/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZTinting vs toning, per Kodak’s 1918 handbook: a tint dyes the whole frame, highlights too; a tone colors only the silver image, so the highlights stay clear.Flickers & Tintypes Tintype: A London Label Priced 36 Tiny Portraits at 2s. 6d.https://flickersandtintypes.com/photo-objects/tintype/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZA tintype is a portrait made in the camera on black-japanned iron. Labels on the backs of museum tintypes show studios selling tiny gems by the dozen.Flickers & Tintypes Zoetrope: An 1834 Paper Said a Whole Room Could Watch Ithttps://flickersandtintypes.com/animation-loops/zoetrope/2026-11-12T00:00:00ZHow a zoetrope works: slits times turns per second gives images per second. Horner named the open drum the Dædaleum in 1834; later patents are dated per Lutz.Flickers & Tintypes